2012年3月31日 星期六

中醫分子談論 陽虛則外寒,陰虛則內熱





內經素問調經論「陽虛則外寒,陰虛則內熱」

人體大約有60兆個細胞,個細胞都需要能量人體細胞的發電廠-粒腺體(Mitochondria)製造生能量ATP(Adenosine Triphosphate,酸腺)


粒腺體存在動物和植物細胞之中,粒腺體為一個具有兩層雙層磷脂膜的胞器,在它的內膜上有ATP合成腜;粒腺體製造大量ATP分子 - 一種高能分子,細胞的能量來源,因此他可以說是細胞的發電廠。

ATP其實是由一個結構非常複雜的腺苷酸(adenosine)部分和三個相對地較為簡單的磷酸鹽(phosphate)小組所構成。ATP是細胞許多「放能」反應和「需能」反應之間的共同中間物,細胞利用ATP來儲存「放能」反應所釋放的能量,同時提供給「需能」反應所需要的能量。ATP被分解的時候,就能提供能量作肌肉活動之用了。

ATP structure

l   『陽虛』顯示致病機轉在細胞電廠 ATP合成不足『粒線體功能低下』,導致細胞漿內環核酸(cAMP)下降。體內橫紋肌含粒線體最多,肌肉產能嚴重不足,臨床上即表現『外寒』。


細胞的呼吸作用發生在粒腺體,粒腺體是細胞的能源工廠,能利用葡萄糖、果糖、蛋白質、脂肪生細胞進行生理反應所須的能源腺甘核甘三磷酸ATP),當粒線體機能故障。ATP量會減少。ATP在細在腺甘環狀酉每(Adenylate Cyclase)的催化下可轉變為cAMP(環狀腺核甘單磷酸),cAMP是細胞訊息傳遞者,當粒線體基因突變,會使ATP量減少。  ATP去兩個磷酸根形成cAMP  (cyclic AMP),cAMP會更進一步活化細胞中Protein Kinase A,而Protein Kinase A則在對其受質磷酸化。當受器與配體(腎上腺激素)分離之後,cAMP則很快被另外一個酵素 Phosphodiesterase 轉化為AMP









l   陰虛』顯示細胞內葡萄糖、脂肪酸或胺基酸不足,致『粒線體功能亢進』,粒線體增加 ATP 合成送到細胞漿內,透過細胞膜上腺環 Adenylyl cyclase )生成環腺核酸(cAMP),因此陰虛者環腺核酸增加,肝臟為體內生化合成工廠且含粒線體次多,臨症表現出『內熱』。
1.      肝醣分解作用 ( glycogenolysis ), 1992年克列氏 ( Krebs )及費希爾 ( Fisher )證明cAMP需經過一連串蛋白質磷酸化(phosphorylation)才能使一個訊號(signal)一級級放大蛋白質磷酸化為細胞內一個重要的調控機制成為當代生物醫學研究的重點(1992Nobel 生理醫學獎)
2.      1971年邵斯蘭 ( Southland )發現腎上腺素必須先在膜上作用活化AMP( adenylate cyclase )再將ATP轉換成cyclic AMP簡稱cAMP1971年榮獲Nobel 生理醫學獎

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2012年3月26日 星期一


Date of First Visit: 29/02/2012                                             Name: Ms. R. J
Ages 43                                                                                Gender: female

Chief complaint: (L) shoulder pain for 5 days

The patient has left shoulder pain for 5 days.  She visited Singapore for a short time and returned here 5 days ago. When she woke up from 1st night sleep in NZ, she feels pain on bingfeng point area with dull pain and no limitation of movement.  When she was in Singapore, weather was very hot, but when she came back to NZ, she feels very cold.  
No chill & fever, good sleeping, normal defecation and urination, no thirst, normal drink. Prefer to warm water, no headache

Past illness history: nothing special detected
Life style: Busy, no smoking & alcohol

Family history:  healthy
Menstruation, marital & obstetrical history: 13, 5 / 28    normal amount & color, no pain, single

B) Inspection
General: Vitality 7-8/10, normal complexion & shape
Tongue: pink tongue, thin & white coating

C) Auscultation/Olfaction
Sound: speak clearly, normal breathing
Odors: Nothing abnormal detected


TCM diagnosis

A ) Diagnosis: Shoulder pain
B ) Syndrome Differentiation: Wind cold attack  
C) Explanation:
The patient has left shoulder pain caused after overseas trip in hot country. When she was back to NZ, she feels very cold. After short time overseas trip, she feel very tired and weak body couldn’t adjust sudden weather change. So, pathogenic wind evil entering the skin and invades channel. The wind is yang evil and tends to invade the barrier of skin and fight against defensive qi. When wind evil combines with cold evil, is shown pain. Cold evil is coagulating and obstructing. Thin & white coating and wiry pulse are manifestations marking wind cold evil. 


Treatment
A) Treatment principles:  Expel wind and dispel cold to release the pain

B) Treatment methods  /Needling: filiform Points:
     bingfeng (SI12), fengchi (GB20), fengmen (BL12)
      reducing method

C) Explanations:
  • Bingfeng: local point. It activates the channel with Moxa to dispel cold and releases the pain
  • Fengchi: a point at the intersection of gallbladder meridian and yang link vessel is used to  eliminate wind cold and relieve the exterior symptoms
  • Fengmen: a point of bladder meridian, which dominate the surface of whole body      is selected to regulate circulation of qi, to eliminate wind cold

Life style advice

     Avoid wind and cold, keep warm shoulder area,
     Have regular exercise and stretching
     Not lift any heavy things


  

             Case Conclusion


This patient has left shoulder pain caused after overseas trip in hot country. When she was back to NZ, she feels very cold. After short time overseas trip, she feel very tired and weak body couldn’t adjust sudden weather change. Pathogenic wind evil attacks the skin and  channel. The wind is pertained yang evil and tends to invade the barrier of skin and fight against defensive qi. When wind evil combines with cold evil, is shown pain, Shoulder pain sudden onset by cold evil attack the superficial skin and cold nature is coagulating and obstructing the circulation qi and blood . So treatment principle focus on expel wind and dispel cold to release the pain. After first treatment, patient condition was back to normal.

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